ѧÊõ×Éѯ·þÎñ£¬Õýµ±Ê±......ÆÚ¿¯Ìì¿ÕÍøÊÇ¿É¿¿µÄÖ°³ÆÂÛÎÄ·¢±íרҵѧÊõ×Éѯ·þÎñƽ̨!!!

dzÂÛÖÐСÆóÒµ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË֮Ŀ±ê¹ÜÀí·¨Ó¦ÓÃ

·¢²¼Ê±¼ä£º2013-04-11ËùÊô·ÖÀࣺ¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄä¯ÀÀ£º1´Î

Õª Òª£º ¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨£¬×÷Ϊ±È½Ï³õ¼¶µÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ°ì·¨£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸Õ¿ªÊ¼¿ªÕ¹¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄÖÐСÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÊDZȽÏÈÝÒ×ʵʩµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÖÐСÆóÒµÔÚ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÉÏʵÏֹ淶»¯Æ𲽵Ļù´¡¡£ÖÐСÆóÒµÔÚʵʩĿ±ê¹ÜÀíʱҪעÖØÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄЧÄÜÂäʵ£¬¹¹½¨¿ÉÐеÄÄ¿±êÖ´ÐÐÌåϵ£¬Ö»ÓпÉÐеÄÄ¿±ê

¡¡¡¡ÕªÒª£ºÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨£¬×÷Ϊ±È½Ï³õ¼¶µÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ°ì·¨£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸Õ¿ªÊ¼¿ªÕ¹¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄÖÐСÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÊDZȽÏÈÝÒ×ʵʩµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÖÐСÆóÒµÔÚ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÉÏʵÏֹ淶»¯Æ𲽵Ļù´¡¡£ÖÐСÆóÒµÔÚʵʩĿ±ê¹ÜÀíʱҪעÖØÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄЧÄÜÂäʵ£¬¹¹½¨¿ÉÐеÄÄ¿±êÖ´ÐÐÌåϵ£¬Ö»ÓпÉÐеÄÄ¿±ê²ÅÊÇÓÐЧµÄÄ¿±ê¡£

¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£ºÖÐСÆóÒµ£»ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´£»¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË£»Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨

¡¡¡¡Abstract: Objectives management method as the primary approach to performance appraisal for SMEs beginning to carry out performance appraisal is relatively easy to implement, can be said that the SMEs in the performance management on the basis of standardized start. SMEs in the implementation of management by objectives to focus on the effectiveness of the implementation of management by objectives, build a feasible target implementation of the system, the only feasible goal is the valid target.

¡¡¡¡Key words: small and medium-sized enterprises; human resources; performance appraisal; Management by objectives

¡¡¡¡ÖÐͼ·ÖÀàºÅ£º      ÎÄÏ×±êʶÂ룺A      ÎÄÕ±àºÅ£º

¡¡¡¡Öйú¹ÅÈ˽²"·²ÊÂÔ¤ÔòÁ¢£¬²»Ô¤Ôò·Ï"£¬ËµµÃ¾ÍÊÇÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí¡£²Ü²ÙµÄ"Íû÷ֹ¿Ê"¾ÍÊÇÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄÔËÓá£ÏÖ´úÒâÒåµÄÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÔòͨ¹ý»®·Ö×é֯Ŀ±êÓë¸öÈËÄ¿±ê½«Ðí¶à¹Ø¼üµÄ¹ÜÀí»î¶¯½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬Èç¼È¿É×÷ÒµÎñ¼Æ»®ºÍ¿ØÖƵÄÊֶΣ¬Ò²¿É×÷Ô±¹¤¼¤Àø»ò¼¨Ð§¿¼ÆÀµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£È»ºóÓÉ×éÖ¯ÄÚ¸÷²¿ÃźÍÔ±¹¤¸ù¾Ý×ÜÄ¿±êÈ·¶¨¸÷×ԵķÖÄ¿±ê£¬ÒÀ¾ÝΪÕû¸ö¹«Ë¾¡¢¸÷¸ö²¿ÃÅ¡¢¸÷¸öÈËÊÂÏÈ¿ÉÒÔÓÐÃ÷È·Á¿»¯µÄÖ¸±ê£¬²¢ÔÚ»ñµÃÊʵ±×ÊÔ´ÅäÖúÍÊÚȨµÄÇ°ÌáÏ»ý¼«Ö÷¶¯Îª¸÷×ԵķÖÄ¿±ê¶ø·Ü¶·£¬´Ó¶øʹ×éÖ¯µÄ×ÜÄ¿±êµÃÒÔʵÏÖ£¬²¢°ÑÄ¿±êÍê³ÉÇé¿ö×÷Ϊ¿¼ºËµÄÊÂÖпÉÒÔ¼ì²é¿¼ÆÀ£¬Êºó¿ÉÒÔ½±·£¶ÒÏÖ£¬ÊµÏÖÈ«Ãæ¡¢¹«Æ½ºÍ»¥¶¯µÄ¹ÜÀí[1]¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâÖÖ¹ÜÀíÖƶÈÔÚÃÀ¹úÓ¦Óõ÷dz£¹ã·º£¬¶øÇÒÌرðÊÊÓÃÓÚ¶ÔÖ÷¹ÜÈËÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀí£¬ËùÒÔ±»³ÆΪ"¹ÜÀíÖеĹÜÀí"¡£

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨£¬×÷Ϊ±È½Ï³õ¼¶µÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ°ì·¨£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸Õ¿ªÊ¼¿ªÕ¹¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄÖÐСÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÊDZȽÏÈÝÒ×ʵʩµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÖÐСÆóÒµÔÚ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÉÏʵÏֹ淶»¯Æ𲽵Ļù´¡[2]¡£´ÓÆóÒµ¹ÜÀíµÄ½Ç¶È¶øÑÔ£¬Ö»ÓÐ×îÊʺϵĿ¼ºË°ì·¨²ÅÊÇ×îºÃµÄ°ì·¨£¬¶øһζ׷Ç󿼺˵ÄϵͳÐÔ£¬¸´ÔÓÐÔ¡¢È«ÃæÐÔ»òÕßÏòÍù¸ß¶ËµÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË·½·¨£¬¶ÔÖÐСÆóÒµ¶øÑÔ£¬ÎÞÒɳÉΪһÖÖ²»ÎñÕýÒµ£¬ÍÐÀÛÆóÒµÖ÷Òª¾«Á¦µÄ´íÎó˼·¡£ÇÒ¸´ÔÓ¡¢È«Ãæ¡¢¸ß¶ËµÄ¿¼ºË°ì·¨£¬¶ÔÓÚ´ó¶àÊýÖÐСÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÊµÊ©ÆðÀ´ÄѶȴó¡¢Ð§¹û²î£¬²¢²»ÄÜÕæÕý¸øÆóÒµ´øÀ´ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¿ÆѧºÍ¸ßЧ¡£

¡¡¡¡Ò»¡¢Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨ÊµÊ©·ÖÎö

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíÊÇÒ»¸öÈ«ÃæµÄ¹ÜÀíϵͳ£¬ËüÓÃϵͳµÄ·½·¨Ê¹Ðí¶à¹Ø¼ü¹ÜÀí»î¶¯½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬ÓÐÒâʶµØÃé×¼ÓÐЧĿ±ê£¬¸ßЧÂʵØʵÏÖ×é֯Ŀ±êºÍ¸öÈËÄ¿±ê¡£ÎÞÂÛÈκÎ×éÖ¯ºÍ¸öÈ˶¼±ØÐëÓÐÄ¿±ê£¬Ã»ÓÐÃ÷È·µÄÄ¿±êº½ÐоÍÎÞ·½Ïò£¬×öÊÂûÓÐ×ÅÁ¦µã£¬ÎÞ·¨¼¯ÖÐÓÐÏÞ×ÊÔ´È·±£³É¹¦¡£É趨Ŀ±ê±ØÐë·ûºÏÁùÏî»ù±¾Ô­Ôò£ºÄ¿±ê±ØÐëÊÇÏÖʵµÄ£¬Ä¿±ê±ØÐë¿É»ñ£¬Ä¿±ê±ØÐëÊÇÃ÷È·µÄ£¬Ä¿±ê±ØÐëÊǿɲâÁ¿µÄ£¬Ä¿±ê±ØÐëÊÇÓÐʱÏ޵ģ¬Ä¿±ê±ØÐëÊÇÓÐÔðÈÎÈ˵Ä[3]¡£

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíµÄЧÄÜÖØÔÚÂäʵ£¬Ê×ÏÈÒªÁ˽âÄ¿±êЧÄܵĹؼüÎÊÌ⣺ÎÒÃÇ×¼±¸×öʲô£¿ÎÒÃǵľßÌåÄ¿±êÊÇʲô£¿ÕâЩĿ±êÊÇ·ñ¾ßÌåÃ÷È·£¿ÊÇ·ñ·ûºÏÉÏÊöÄ¿±êЧÄܵĻù±¾ÒªÇó£¿ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÒÔÂäʵµ½Ö½Ãæ[4]£¿ÎÒÃÇ×¼±¸ÔõÑù×ö£¿ÊµÏÖͬÑùÄ¿±ê¿ÉÄÜÓм¸ÖÖ²»Í¬·½·¨»ò¸üºÃµÄ°ì·¨¡£ÎÒÃÇÖƶ¨Ä¿±êµÄ¿Í¹ÛÒÀ¾ÝÊÇʲô£¿Õþ²ß£¬Êг¡£¬×ÊÔ´£¬»·¾³£¬ÐÎÊƵȷÖÎöÒÀ¾ÝÊÇʲô£¿

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀíÉ趨µÄÄ¿±êÌåϵ£¬°üÀ¨×éÖ¯ÆóҵĿ±êµÄÉ趨£»ÆóÒµ×ÜÌåÄ¿±êµÄ·Ö½âÓ벿ÃÅÄ¿±êµÄÉ趨£»²¿ÃÅÖ¸±êµÄ·Ö½âÓë¸öÈËÄ¿±êµÄÉ趨£»ÔËÓÃÕýÈ·µÄ²ßÂÔ£»Öƶ¨Ö´Ðмƻ®£»ÊµÊ©Ä¿±êÖ´ÐÐÐж¯¡£ÆäÖÐ×î¹Ø¼üµÄÒªËØÊÇÍÆÐм¨Ð§¹ÜÀí¡£

¡¡¡¡¼¨Ð§ÊÇʵʩĿ±ê¹ÜÀíµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£¼¨Ð§¾ÍÊÇÆóÒµ¾­ÓªÔËÐеĽá¹û£¬ÊÇÆóÒµ´´Ôì¼ÛÖµµÄ×ܺϡ£¼¨Ð§¾ÍÊÇÆóÒµµÄÀûÈ󣬼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí¾ÍÊÇÀûÈó¹ÜÀí¡£¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄ×÷ÓãºÇåÎúÆóÒµÏëÒªµÃµ½µÄ½á¹û£»Äý¾ÛÔ±¹¤Ä¿±êºÍ¹«Ë¾Ä¿±ê[5]£»ÔÚʵÏÖÄ¿±ê¹ý³ÌÖ⻶Ïѧϰ³É³¤ÐÞÕýºÍ½ø²½£»´´Ô칲ͬµÄ¼ÛֵʵÏÖ¹«Ë¾¼ÛÖµ×î´ó»¯ºÍ¸öÈ˼ÛÖµ×î´ó»¯¡£

¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨Ó¦Ó÷ÖÎö

¡¡¡¡ÕâÀÎÒÃÇÒÔÁ½¼ÒÖÐСÆóÒµ×÷Ϊ°¸Àý£¬·ÖÎöÒ»ÏÂÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨µÄÓ¦Óá£

¡¡¡¡ÆóÒµA£ºA¹«Ë¾ÊÇÒ»¼ÒÃñÓªÆóÒµ£¬´ÓÊ°üÀ¨Ã³Òס¢µØ²ú¡¢µ£±£¡¢ÖÆÒ©µÈ¶àÖÖÒµÎñµÄ¼¯ÍŹ«Ë¾£¬Ô±¹¤ÈËÊý²»×ã200ÈË¡£ºÍÖйúÖî¶àÃñÓªÆóÒµÒ»Ñù£¬A¹«Ë¾×Ô³ÉÁ¢ÖÁ½ñ£¬Ö÷Òª¾«Á¦·ÅÔÚÒµÎñºÍÊг¡ÉÏ£¬¶øÔÚ¹ÜÀíÉÏÔò±È½Ï»ìÂÒ¡£ÖµµÃÒ»ÌáµÄÊÇ£¬µ£±£ºÍÖÆÒ©Á½¿éÒµÎñÊǸù«Ë¾°ëÄêÄÚÐÂÊÕ¹ºµÄÒµÎñ£¬¶ÔÓÚÐÂÒµÎñºÍÀÏÒµÎñÈËÔ±ÈçºÎ½øÐÐͳһ¹ÜÀí£¬µ÷¶¯¹«Ë¾ÕûÌå»ý¼«ÐÔ£¬³ÉΪ¸Ã¹«Ë¾ÃæÁÙµÄÒ»¸öÄÑÌâ¡£

¡¡¡¡ÆóÒµB£ºB¹«Ë¾ÊÇÒ»¼ÒÊ¡Êô¹úÓÐÆóÒµ£¬´ÓÊÂÖÇÄܽ»Í¨ÁìÓòµÄϵͳ¼¯³ÉÒµÎñ£¬Ô±¹¤ÈËÊý²»×ã200ÈË¡£Êܵ½ÌåÖƵÄÖÆÔ¼£¬¸Ã¹«Ë¾µÄ¹ÜÀíÖƶÈÒ»Ö±ÑØÏ®ÁËĸ¹«Ë¾µÄ×ö·¨£¬²¢Ã»Óиù¾Ý×ÔÉíËùÔÚÐÐÒµÌصã½øÐкÏÀíµÄÓÅ»¯ºÍÍêÉÆ¡£ËäÈ»¸Ã¹«Ë¾Ô±¹¤Ð½³ê½á¹¹ÖÐÓм¨Ð§¹¤×Ê£¬µ«ÊÇÈ´²¢Ã»ÓÐÕæÕýºÍ¼¨Ð§¹Ò¹³£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏ×÷ΪÁËÔ±¹¤¹Ì¶¨ÊÕÈëµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬Ô±¹¤µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ²»×ã¡£

¡¡¡¡ÕâÁ½¼Ò¹«Ë¾´æÔÚͬÑùµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÈçÕ½ÂÔ·½Ïò²»ÇåÎú¡¢¹ÜÀí»ù´¡±¡Èõ¡¢Ô±¹¤¹¤×÷»ý¼«ÐÔ²»¸ßµÈµÈ¡£Õë¶ÔÁ½¼Ò¹«Ë¾´æÔڵĹÜÀí»ù´¡±¡Èõ¡¢Ô±¹¤»ý¼«ÐÔ²»¸ßµÈÎÊÌâÉè¼ÆÕë¶ÔÐԵļ¨Ð§¿¼ºË·½°¸£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÉÏÃæËù˵µÄÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨¡£

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨ÊµÊ©µÄÖ÷ÒªÁ÷³Ì°üÀ¨£º

¡¡¡¡(1)±»¿¼ºËÕ߸ù¾Ý¹«Ë¾·¢Õ¹ÐèÒª¡¢±¾²¿ÃÅ(»ò¸Úλ)Ö°Ô𣬺ÍÉϼ¶Áìµ¼¹²Í¬È·¶¨µÚNÔ¹¤×÷¼Æ»®£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷¼Æ»®ÖÐÒª¸ù¾ÝSMARTÔ­Ôò¶ÔºËÐŤ×÷ºÍÀýÐй¤×÷½øÐÐÊáÀí;

¡¡¡¡(2)±»¿¼ºËÕß°´¼Æ»®¿ªÕ¹¹¤×÷£¬Éϼ¶Áìµ¼¶Ô±»¿¼ºËÕß½øÐй¤×÷¸ú×ÙÖ¸µ¼;

¡¡¡¡(3)ÔÚµÚN+1Ô³õ£¬Õë¶ÔµÚNԵŤ×÷½øÐÐ×ܽᣬ¶ÔÓÚûÓÐÍê³É¹¤×÷µÄÔ­Òò½øÐнâÊÍ;

¡¡¡¡(4)¿¼ºËÕ߶Ա»¿¼ºËÕßÔÚµÚNÔÂÄڵŤ×÷Çé¿ö½øÐп¼ÆÀ£¬Õë¶Ô²¿ÃÅ¡¢²¿ÃÅÕýÖ°¡¢²¿ÃŸ±Ö°ºÍ²¿ÃÅÔ±¹¤²ÉÈ¡²»Í¬µÄ¿¼ºËά¶ÈºÍ±ê×¼¡£

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨¿¼ºËµÄÖ÷Ҫά¶È°üÀ¨£º

¡¡¡¡(1)Õë¶Ô²¿ÃÅÀ´½²£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇ¿¼ºË²¿ÃŵÄÈÎÎñ¼¨Ð§(¹¤×÷ÊýÁ¿¡¢¹¤×÷ÖÊÁ¿ºÍ¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ);

¡¡¡¡(2)Õë¶Ô²¿ÃÅÕýÖ°À´½²£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇ¿¼ºËÈÎÎñ¼¨Ð§¡¢¹ÜÀí¼¨Ð§(È粿ÃÅ·ÕΧºÍÏÂÊôÅàÑø)¡¢¹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦ºÍÖܱ߼¨Ð§(ºÏ×÷ˮƽ);

¡¡¡¡(3)Õë¶Ô²¿ÃŸ±Ö°À´½²£¬Ö÷Òª¿¼ºËÈÎÎñ¼¨Ð§¡¢¹ÜÀí¼¨Ð§ºÍ¹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦;

¡¡¡¡(4)Õë¶Ô²¿ÃÅÔ±¹¤À´½²£¬Ö÷Òª¿¼ºËÈÎÎñ¼¨Ð§¡¢¹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦ºÍ¹¤×÷̬¶È¡£

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨¿¼ºËµÄ¿¼ºË¹Øϵ°üÀ¨£º

¡¡¡¡(1)·Ö¹Ü¸±×ܶԲ¿ÃźͲ¿ÃÅÕýÖ°½øÐгõ²½¿¼ºË£¬×ܾ­Àí¶Ô²¿ÃŽøÐи´ÆÀ£¬Á½ÕßµÄÆÀ·Ö±ÈÀýΪ6£º4;

¡¡¡¡(2)²¿ÃÅÕýÖ°¶Ô²¿ÃŸ±Ö°ºÍ²¿ÃÅÔ±¹¤½øÐгõ²½¿¼ºË£¬·Ö¹Ü¸±×ܶÔÆä½øÐи´ÆÀ£¬Á½ÕßµÄÆÀ·Ö±ÈÀýΪ6£º4¡£

¡¡¡¡Ä¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨¿¼ºË½á¹ûµÄÓ¦ÓðüÀ¨£º

¡¡¡¡(1)Ô¶ȼ¨Ð§¹¤×Ê·¢·Å¡£É趨Ô¶ȼ¨Ð§¹¤×Ê»ùÊý£¬¸ù¾Ý¿¼ÆÀ½á¹ûÈ·¶¨¼¨Ð§µ÷ÕûϵÊý¡£ÈçÐÐÕþרԱÔ¶ȼ¨Ð§¹¤×Ê»ùÊýΪ800Ôª£¬¿¼ÆÀ½á¹û¶ÔÓ¦µÄµ÷ÕûϵÊýΪ1.2£¬Ôò±¾ÔÂÐÐÕþרԱµÄ¼¨Ð§¹¤×ÊΪ800*12=960Ôª¡£

¡¡¡¡(2)¸Úλ¹¤×ʵ÷Õû¡£Èç¶ÔÓÚ1ÄêÄÚÁ¬Ðø10¸öÔ¶ȼ¨Ð§´ïµ½90·ÖµÄÔ±¹¤£¬ÏÂÒ»Äê¶ÈÔÚÆäËùÔÚн¼¶ÄÚÉϵ÷Á½µµ¡£

¡¡¡¡(3) ְλ½úÉý¡£Èç¶ÔÓÚÁ¬ÐøÁ½Ä꼨Ч¿¼ºË´ïµ½90·ÖÇҾ߱¸Ö÷¹ÜÄÜÁ¦ºÍˮƽµÄÔ±¹¤½øÐнúÉý¡£

¡¡¡¡(4)ÆäËûÓ¦Óõȡ£

¡¡¡¡ÒÔÉÏÊÇÕë¶ÔËùÁ½¼Ò¹ÜÀí»ù´¡±¡ÈõµÄÖÐСÆóÒµÉè¼ÆµÄÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí¿¼ºË°ì·¨¡£ÕâÖÖ°ì·¨²ÉÓÃÔ¶ȺÍÄê¶ÈÏà½áºÏµÄ·½Ê½£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼õÉÙ±»¿¼ºËÕßµÄÏà¹Ø¹¤×÷Á¿£¬µ«Ò²»áÃæÁÙһЩÎÊÌ⣬È繤×÷¼Æ»®µÄµ÷ÕûµÈµÈ£¬ÕâЩÎÊÌâÐèÒªÔÚʵʩ¹ý³Ìµ±ÖУ¬¿¼ºËÕߺͱ»¿¼ºËÕß×öºÃ³ä·ÖµÄ¹µÍ¨£¬²¢¸ù¾Ý¹µÍ¨½á¹ûÊÊʱÐ޸Ť×÷¼Æ»®¡£

¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚÆóÒµµÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËÀ´½²£¬×îÊʺϵIJÅÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£ÖÐСÆóÒµ´ÓÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀí·¨¿ªÊ¼½øÐм¨Ð§¿¼ºË£¬¿ÉÒÔΪÒÔºó×ö´ó×öÇ¿¡¢¹ÜÀí¹æ·¶»¯µì¶¨»ù´¡¡£ÐèҪǿµ÷µÄÊÇ£¬°Ñ×öʵÄÄ¿µÄÒª¸æËßÔ±¹¤£¬ÈÃÔ±¹¤ÖªµÀ×Ô¼º´ÓÊµĹ¤×÷Êǹ«Ë¾ÕûÌåÄ¿±êÖеIJ»¿ÉȱÉÙµÄÒ»²¿·Ö[6]¡£ÕâÑù£¬²Å»á¼¤·¢³öÆ乤×÷ÈÈÇéºÍ¹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦¡£ÆóÒµ»¹Òª½øÐдóÁ¿µÄÅàѵ£¬Í¨¹ýÅàѵ£¬Èôó¼ÒÈÏʶµ½£¬Ä¿±êÌåϵÊÇÒ»¸öϵͳ£¬È«¹«Ë¾ÒªÒ»ÅÌÆ忼ÂÇ¡£²»½öÒª¿´½á¹û£¬»¹ÒªÓйؼüÐÔ²½Ö衣ͬʱ£¬Èôó¼ÒÕÆÎÕ¾ßÌåµÄÄ¿±ê·Ö½â·½·¨ºÍ²½Ö裬ÕâÑù¾Í»á±£Ö¤Ä¿±ê·Ö½â²»×ßÑù¡£¶øºó£¬Í¨¹ýÄ¿±êµÄÓÐЧ·Ö½â£¬×öµ½ÏµÍ³È«Ãæ¡¢ÉÏÏÂÒ»Ö¡¢×óÓÒЭµ÷£¬¹«Ë¾Õ½ÂÔÄ¿±ê¾Í²»»á×ßÑù±äÐΣ¬¾Í»áÔÚÿ¸öÈËÔ±ÉíÉϵõ½¾ßÌåÌåÏÖ¡£ÕâÑù£¬¸öÈËÄ¿±êµÄʵÏÖ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²±£Ö¤Á˹«Ë¾Ä¿±êµÄʵÏÖ£¬È«¹«Ë¾ÈËÔ±¶¼ÓÐÁ˹²Í¬µÄŬÁ¦·½Ïò¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×

¡¡¡¡[1] ³ÂÅô.µçÐÅÔËÓªÆóÒµ¼¼ÊõÀàÏîÄ¿ÍŶӼ¨Ð§¿¼ºËÖ¸±êÌåϵÑо¿[D].±±¾©Óʵç´óѧ,2008.

¡¡¡¡[2] ÷ÁÖ.dz̸Ŀ±ê¹ÜÀí·¨ÔÚÆóÒµÖеÄÔËÓÃ[J].¹ÜÀíѧ¼Ò,2011,(9):515.

¡¡¡¡[3] »Æ½ðƼ.ÔËÓÃÄ¿±ê¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛÌá¸ß½ÌʦËØÖÊdz̽[J].²ÅÖÇ,2011,(7):326.

¡¡¡¡[4] Íõº­.YYÉúÎï¼¼ÊõÓÐÏÞÔðÈι«Ë¾·¢Õ¹Õ½ÂÔÑо¿[D].¶ÔÍâ¾­¼ÃóÒ×´óѧ,2010.

¡¡¡¡[5] ÅíêÍ.ÖÐСÆóҵĿ±ê¹ÜÀí̽Ë÷--ÒÔDH¹«Ë¾ÎªÀý[D].ÔÆÄÏ´óѧ,2010.

ÈÈÃźËÐÄÆÚ¿¯

sci|ssci·þÎñ

EI|SCOPUS·þÎñ

·­ÒëÈóÉ«½â´ð

ÂÛÎÄ·¢±íÖ¸µ¼

ѧÊõ³É¹û³£Ê¶

2023×îзÖÇø²éѯÈë¿Ú

SCISSCIAHCI